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@#AIM: To evaluate the anatomical and visual recovery effects of vitrectomy(PPV)combined with inner limiting membrane(ILM)reversal tamponade or ILM stripping in the treatment of high myopia macular hole retinal detachment(MHRD).<p>METHODS:The literature was retrieved from China Knowledge Network(CNKI), VIP, Wanfang Database, PubMed, EMbase, Cochrane Library, European PMC, and Natural database. The search time was built until September 2018. The 6-month follow-up time was used to observe the macular hole closure, primary retinal detachment and BCVA. Meta-analysis was performed using Review 5.3 and Stata 15.1 software.<p>RESULTS: In this study, a comparative analysis of 266 eyes in 8 studies was included. Statistically, the effect of ILM reversal tamponade in the macular hole closure rate is better than ILM stripping, the difference was statistically significant(<i>RR</i>=2.05, 95% <i>CI</i> 1.69 to 2.49, <i>P</i><0.00001), there was no statistically significant difference in the efficacy of primary retinal detachment rate(<i>RR</i>=1.04, 95% <i>CI</i> 0.98 to 1.12, <i>P</i>=0.21), the BCVA of the two groups was significantly higher than that before surgery at 6mo after surgery, the difference was statistically significant(<i>RR</i>=0.44, 95% <i>CI</i> 0.33 to 0.55, <i>P</i><0.00001; <i>RR</i>=0.29, 95% <i>CI</i> 0.10 to 0.48, <i>P</i>=0.003). The results of the extent of BCVA improvement between the two groups are heterogeneous, and the conclusions may be unstable, and more reliable data are needed.<p>CONCLUSION: PPV+ ILM flap insertion is more effective in treating patients with high myopia macular hole retinal detachment.
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OBJECTIVE@#To quantitatively investigate the effects of Ringer's solution with different concentrations of alcohol (1%～80%) on biphasic compound action potentials (AP) from frog sciatic nerve trunk, and their recoveries from alcohol effects.@*METHODS@#Individual segments of frog sciatic nerve trunk with a length of 6 to 8 cm were prepared. Ringer's solution with different concentrations of alcohol (0%, 1%, 2%, 4%, 8%, 16%, 32%, 48%, 64% and 80%) was applied onto the segment of the trunk between the stimulus and ground electrodes via an agent reservoir which was newly armed in a nerve trunk shielded chamber for 5 minutes. The nerve trunk was respectively electro-stimulated to generate the biphasic compound AP which was recorded using the experimental system of BL-420F. This was followed by 5 times washout plus 5 min administration with Ringer's solution before recovery recording of AP.@*RESULTS@#Compared to normal Ringer's solution, Ringer's solution with alcohol at ≤4% did not have dramatic impacts on the AP amplitude and conduction velocity, while Ringer's solution with alcohol at ≥8% there was significant decrease in these two parameters. Ringer's solution with alcohol at the conentrations of 16%, 32% and ≥48% could prevent a small proportion (30%), a large proportion (90%) and all (100%) of sciatic nerve trunks, respectively, from generating AP. Washout with normal Ringer's solution after alcohol application at the concentration of ≤32%, AP could totally recover to normal status. While alcohol at the concentration of 48%, 64% and 80%, the probabilities to regenerate APs were 90%, 40% and 0%, and the AP amplitudes were decreased to 60%, 36% and 0%, respectively. After washout, AP conduction velocity showed no difference with alcohol at the concentration of ≤8% when compared with that before washout, while it could not be recovered to normal under alcohol at ≥16%.@*CONCLUSION@#Ringer's solution with different concentrations of alcohol exerts different effects on biphasic compound AP amplitude and conduction velocity. Hopefully, our findings could be helpful for the alcoholic usage and its recovery from alcoholic damage.
Subject(s)
Animals , Action Potentials , Anura , Ethanol , Pharmacology , Ringer's Solution , Pharmacology , Sciatic NerveABSTRACT
·Glaucoma filtration surgery is currently the preferred method for patients in whom anti-glaucoma medication and laser treatment can not control intraocular pressure, and its postoperative filtering bleb scar formation is the leading cause of surgical failure. At present, there are some progresses in the basic and clinical studies of postoperative anti-glaucoma scar. However, it is still a problem to seek for an effective, safe and stable treatment of scarring after glaucoma filtration surgery. Those articles published in the past three years on the glaucoma filtration after anti-scarring related drugs are reviewed.
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Alagille syndrome (AGS) is a multisystem disorder and caused by mutations in JAG1 or NOTCH2 gene.The diagnosis of AGS is hampered by its highly variable clinical manifestations.We performed a retrospective analysis on 16 children diagnosed as having AGS in recent five years in our hospital.Cholestasis was seen in 15 patients (93.8％),heart disease in 12 (75％),characteristic facies in 7 (43.8％),and butterfly vertebrae in 7 (43.8％).Ophthalmology examination was not performed on all the patients.Further,serum biochemical parameters were compared between AGS and 16 biliary atresia (BA) patients who were confirmed by surgery.Elevated liver enzymes were seen in all the patients.Serum total cholesterol (TC) (P=0.0007),alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (P=0.0056),aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (P=0.0114),gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) (P=0.035) and total bile acid (TBA) levels (P=0.042) were significantly elevated in AGS patients compared to those in BA cases.However,there were no significant differences in serum total bilirubin (TB),conjugated bilirubin (CB) and albumin (ALB) between the two groups.We identified 14 different JAG1 gene variations and 1 NOTCH2 gene mutation in 16 Chinese AGS patients.Our study suggested clinical features of AGS are highly variable and not all patients meet the classical diagnostic criteria.It was suggested that hypercholesterolaemia and significantly elevated GGT,TBA and ALT may be helpful to diagnose AGS.Genetic testing is integral in the diagnosis of AGS.
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Alagille syndrome (AGS) is a multisystem disorder and caused by mutations in JAG1 or NOTCH2 gene.The diagnosis of AGS is hampered by its highly variable clinical manifestations.We performed a retrospective analysis on 16 children diagnosed as having AGS in recent five years in our hospital.Cholestasis was seen in 15 patients (93.8％),heart disease in 12 (75％),characteristic facies in 7 (43.8％),and butterfly vertebrae in 7 (43.8％).Ophthalmology examination was not performed on all the patients.Further,serum biochemical parameters were compared between AGS and 16 biliary atresia (BA) patients who were confirmed by surgery.Elevated liver enzymes were seen in all the patients.Serum total cholesterol (TC) (P=0.0007),alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (P=0.0056),aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (P=0.0114),gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) (P=0.035) and total bile acid (TBA) levels (P=0.042) were significantly elevated in AGS patients compared to those in BA cases.However,there were no significant differences in serum total bilirubin (TB),conjugated bilirubin (CB) and albumin (ALB) between the two groups.We identified 14 different JAG1 gene variations and 1 NOTCH2 gene mutation in 16 Chinese AGS patients.Our study suggested clinical features of AGS are highly variable and not all patients meet the classical diagnostic criteria.It was suggested that hypercholesterolaemia and significantly elevated GGT,TBA and ALT may be helpful to diagnose AGS.Genetic testing is integral in the diagnosis of AGS.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the clinical therapeutic effects differences between acupuncture at Suliao (GV 25) and Shuigou (GV 26) on promoting regain of consciousness from coma in severe craniocerebral injury.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Based on regular emergency treatments of neurosurgery, eighty-two cases of craniocerebral injury who were under stable condition were randomly divided into an observation group (42 cases) and a control group (40 cases). Suliao (GV 25) was selected as main aupoint, while Laogong (PC 8) and Yongquan (KI 1), etc. were selected as adjuvant acupoints and Neiguan (PC 6), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Yifeng (TE 17) and Wangu (GB 12), etc. were selected as matching acupoints in the observation group where a strong needle manipulation was applied to improve the regain of consciousness. The main acupoint of Shuigou (GV 26) along with identical adjuvant acupoints and matching acupoints in the observation group were selected in the control group with identical strong needle manipulation. The treatment was given once a day in both groups, five times per week and ten times were considered as one session. The immediate clinical symptoms after acupuncture at Suliao (GV 25) and Shuigou (GV 26) were observed as well as Glasgow coma scale (GCS) before the treatment, after 45 days and 90 days of treatment to assess the resuscitation time and rate. Also the clinical efficacy was compared between both groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The occurrence rate of sneezing reflex was 85.7% (36/42) in the observation group, which was higher than 25.0% (10/40) in the control group (P < 0.01). The average resuscitation time was (64.6 +/- 19.4) days in the observation group, which was obviously shorter than (73.8 +/- 14. 6) days in the control group (P < 0.05). The resuscitation rate was 88.1% (37/42) in the observation group, which was similar to 75.0% (30/40) in the control group (P > 0.05). Compared before the treatment, GCS were both improved after the treatment in two groups (both P < 0.01). The 90-day GCS was 9.52 +/- 2.32 in the observation group, which was superior to 8.47 +/-2.14 in the control group (P < 0.05). The curative and markedly effective rate was 45.2% (19/42) in the observation group, which was superior to 22.5% (9/40) in the control group (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The effect of acupuncture at Suliao (GV 25) on improving regain of consciousness from coma in severe craniocerebral injury is positive. It could specifically improve sneezing reflex and stimulate respiratory center, which has more obvious effect than acupuncture at Shuigou (GV 26).</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Acupuncture Points , Acupuncture Therapy , Coma , Psychology , Therapeutics , Consciousness , Craniocerebral TraumaABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To verify the clinical efficacy on rear thigh muscles strain of athletes treated with surrounding needling of electroacupuncture and hot compress of Chinese medicine.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eighty-six cases were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, 43 cases in each one. In the observation group, surrounding needling of electroacupuncture and hot compress of Chinese medicine were used at Ashi points around the local affected area of rear thigh muscles. In the control group, conventional needling method and local cupping were applied at Chengfu (BL 36), Yinmen (BL 37), Weizhong (BL 40), etc. The treatment was given once a day. Ten treatments made one session. Two sessions were required. The score of rear thigh muscles pain, swelling and tenderness, walking function recovery and the total score were compared before and after treatment between two groups. The efficacy was compared between two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The score of pain, swelling and tenderness, walking function recovery and the total score were reduced obviously after treatmeat in two groups (all P < 0.01), and the improvements in the observation group were superior to those in the control group (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). The cured and remarkably effective rate was 83.7% (36/43) in the observation group, which was better than 60.5% (26/43) in the control group (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The efficacy of the surrounding needling of electroacupuncture and the hot compress of Chinese medicine is significant on rear thigh muscles strain for the athletes, which is superior to that of the conventional needling method and cupping in terms of the improvements in the symptoms and physical signs as well as the recovery of the walking function.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Acupuncture Therapy , Athletes , Combined Modality Therapy , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Therapeutic Uses , Electroacupuncture , Muscle, Skeletal , Sprains and Strains , Drug Therapy , Therapeutics , Thigh , Wounds and Injuries , Treatment Outcome , WalkingABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the therapeutic effect and mechanism of emodin on cholestatic hepatitis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Rats were divided into 5 groups: 1 group was untreated, the other 4 groups were treated with alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT), ANIT and emodin, ANIT and ursodeoxycholic acid, or ANIT and dexamethasone, respectively. At 24 h, 48 h and 72 h after the treatment, NF-kappa B, early growth response factor-1 (Egr-1), cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant 1 (CINC-1), macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (MIP-2), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1),tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were assayed by immunohistochemistry, real-time PCR , western-blot and ELISA. The level of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide Dismutase(SOD) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were assayed by thiobarbituric acid method, xanthine oxidase method and colorimetric method, respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) Compared to the controls, emodin had a notable effect on total bilirubin (TB), direct bilirubin (DB), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) at all time points (all P less than 0.05). Compared to ursodeoxycholic acid, emodin had a notable effect on TB and DB at 24 h after the treatments, however, after 48 h, emodin had a notable effect only on TB (all P less than 0.05). Compared to Dexamethasone, emodin had a notable effect on TB at 48 h time point, and it had a notable effect on ALT at all time points (all P less than 0.05). (2) The nuclei NF-kappa B p65 staining was significantly increased at 24 h and 48 h after ANIT treatment (all P less than 0.05), and emodin treatment could block the increase (all P less than 0.05). (3) Egr-1 mRNA level was not affected by emodin treatment (P more than 0.05); levels of CINC-1, MIP-2 mRNA and ICAM-1 protein were significantly decreased after emodin treatment (all P less than 0.05). (4) The levels of TNF alpha and IL-6 were decreased after emodin treatment(all P less than 0.05). (5) The levels of MDA at all time points and MPO at 24 h, 48 h time points were notably down-regulated by emodin treatment, while the level of SOD was markedly elevated at all time points after emodin treatment (all P less than 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Emodin treatment can reduce the levels of TB, DB and ALT in ANIT induced-cholestatic hepatitis. The effect may be due to inhibition of NF-kappa B signal pathway.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , 1-Naphthylisothiocyanate , Anti-Inflammatory Agents , Pharmacology , Therapeutic Uses , Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury , Drug Therapy , Metabolism , Cholestasis, Intrahepatic , Drug Therapy , Metabolism , Early Growth Response Protein 1 , Genetics , Metabolism , Emodin , Pharmacology , Therapeutic Uses , Immunohistochemistry , Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 , Metabolism , Interleukin-6 , Metabolism , Liver , Metabolism , Pathology , Liver Function Tests , NF-kappa B , Metabolism , RNA, Messenger , Genetics , Metabolism , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Signal Transduction , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha , MetabolismABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the role of early growth response factor-1 (Egr-1) signal pathway in acute intrahepatic cholestatic liver injury in rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A single dose (50 mg/kg) of alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT) was administered by gavage to each experimental rat to induce intrahepatic cholestasis. Liver tissue and serum specimens were collected from rats at 24, 48 and 72 h after the intoxication. The values of Egr-1, cytokine induced neutrophil chemoattractant 1(CINC-1), macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) mRNA, the protein expression of inducible nitricoxide synthase (iNOS) and the values of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were assayed by real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry, and ELISA, respectively. The levels of MDA, SOD, NO and MPO were assayed by thiobarbituric acid method, xanthine oxidase method, nitric acid deoxidizing assay, and colorimetric method, respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the model group at 24, 48, 72 h after intoxication, the values of CINC-1 and MIP-2 mRNA were higher than those of the controls (P < 0.05). In the model group at 24, 48 h after intoxication, the value of Egr-1 mRNA was higher than that of the controls (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference at 72 h (P < 0.05). Of the model group, the absorbance value of iNOS was lower than that of the controls at 24, 48 and 72 h (P < 0.05). Of the model group at 24, 48, 72 h after intoxication, the values of TNF alpha, IL-6, MPO and MDA were higher than those of the controls (P < 0.05), but the values of NO and SOD were lower than those of the controls (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Egr-1 signal pathway is involved in acute intrahepatic cholestatic liver injury induced by ANIT. After Egr-1 was activated, CINC-1 and MIP-2 are activated consequently and attract neutrophils into the liver. TNF alpha and IL-6 are activated at the same time, so neutrophils are activated and the resulting lipid peroxidation and MDA increased, injuring the liver. iNOS and NO may play a protective role in acute intrahepatic cholestatic liver injury induced by ANIT.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , 1-Naphthylisothiocyanate , Acute Disease , Chemokine CXCL1 , Metabolism , Chemokine CXCL2 , Metabolism , Cholestasis, Intrahepatic , Metabolism , Pathology , Early Growth Response Protein 1 , Metabolism , Interleukin-6 , Metabolism , Liver , Chemistry , Pathology , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Signal Transduction , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha , MetabolismABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine the therapeutic effectiveness and safety of polyethylene glycol 4000 (forlax) in the treatment of constipation in children over 8 years old.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This study was designed as a randomized, positive medicine (lactulose) controlled multicenter trial. A total of 216 children with constipation from 8-18 years old from 7 hospitals across China who were matched with a uniform entry criteria were enrolled in this study. The 216 patients were randomized to receive either oral forlax (20 g/d, n=105) or lactulose (15 mL/d, n=111) for 2 weeks. The therapeutic effects, including bowel movement frequency, stool consistency, clinical complete remission rate of constipation and abdominal symptoms, and the safety of forlax and lactulose were evaluated at 1 and 2 weeks of treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The median weekly frequency of bowel movement in the forlax group increased by 4 and 5 times respectively after 1 and 2 weeks of treatment, and increased by 3 and 4 times in the lactulose group (P < 0.05). The stool consistency of the two groups was both improved significantly after treatment. The Bristol score of stool consistency of the forlax and lactulose groups were 3.41+/-1.11 and 3.64+/-1.33 respectively (P < 0.05) after 1 week of treatment, and were 4.26+/-0.89 and 3.63+/-1.33 respectively (P < 0.05) after 2 weeks of treatment. The clinical complete remission rate of constipation in the forlax and lactulose groups was 70% and 40% respectively (P < 0.05) by week 1 of treatment, and that was 72% and 41% respectively (P < 0.05) by week 2 of treatment. Abdominal pain disappeared in 75% of patients in the forlax group but in only 57% in the lactulose group by week 2 of treatment (P < 0.05). No serious adverse events happened and no abnormalities were found in laboratory tests and physical examinations in the two groups after medication.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Forlax is safe and effective in the treatment of constipation in children over 8 years old.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Cathartics , Therapeutic Uses , Constipation , Therapeutics , Lactulose , Therapeutic Uses , Polyethylene Glycols , Therapeutic UsesABSTRACT
Human interleukin 4 (IL-4) cDNA was optimized and synthesized according to E. coli preferred codon. A recombinant expression plasmid pET-30a (+)/rhIL-4 was constructed with the target cDNA inserted between Nde I and EcoR I sites, which can translate the mature IL-4 protein with an extra methionine residue at N-terminal. The expression vector was transformed into E. coli BL21 (DE3). The rhIL-4 protein was expressed in the inclusion body. By using the optimized fermentation conditions, the high expression level was achieved with the expression level as high as 35% of total protein obtained. A purification strategy has been designed which includes Q-Sepharose and SP-Sepharose ion-exchange chromatography and dialysis renaturation. The rhIL-4 was purified with the purity more than 98% and the yield of 40 mg per liter fermentation culture achieved. Western blot proved that the purified protein is IL-4. Amino acid sequencing revealed that N-terminal 16 residue sequence is identical to the theoretical sequence. Biological activity assay on TF-1 cells demonstrated that the rhIL-4 is active with an activity of 2.5 x 10(6) AU/mg. This study promises large scale production of rhIL-4.
Subject(s)
Humans , Amino Acid Sequence , Blotting, Western , Escherichia coli , Genetics , Metabolism , Fermentation , Gene Expression , Interleukin-4 , Chemistry , Metabolism , Molecular Sequence Data , Recombinant Proteins , Chemistry , MetabolismABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the value of dynamic examination of duodenal fluid in the differential diagnosis of infantile hepatitis syndrome (IHS) and extrahepatic biliary atresia (EHBA). The aim of the study was to establish a simple, rapid and accurate diagnostic procedure for infantile cholestatic jaundice.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The authors developed a special duodenal drainage-tube and established a specific duodenal fluid drainage technique. The duodenal fluids were collected and the colors were documented. The bilirubin, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (gamma-GT) and bile acid concentrations in the duodenal fluids were measured.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Duodenal fluid drainages were initially performed on 561 cases of infants with cholestatic jaundice. The yellow duodenal fluids were drained within 3-8 minutes after intubation in 342 cases. The yellow fluids were obtained in more patients after continuous drainage for 24 hours (21 cases) and 48-72 hours (16 cases), respectively. The duodenal fluids were light yellowish in 71 cases and white in 111 cases. The drainage techniques were subsequently performed in 182 infants with light yellowish or white duodenal fluids after conservative treatment. The duodenal fluids were yellow in 91 cases, white in 89 cases, and slightly yellowish in 2 cases. The increased levels of bilirubin (> or = 8.5 micromol/L), gamma-GT (> 20 IU/L) and bile acid (positive or 33-260 micromol/L) were observed in the yellow duodenal fluids. While the bilirubin levels were 0-2 micromol/L or 5-8 micromol/L in the white or slightly yellowish duodenal fluids, with gamma-GT levels at 0-5 IU/L and bile acid tested negative. According to the criteria set as bilirubin > or = 8.5 micromol/L, bile acid tested positive and gamma-GT > 20 IU/L in duodenal fluid, 470 infants were diagnosed as HIS; 91 cases were diagnosed as EHBA with duodenal fluid bilirubin < 8.5 micromol/L, bile acid tested negative and gamma-GT < 20 IU/L. The diagnoses of these patients were confirmed by surgical operation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Dynamic examination of duodenal fluid is a simple, rapid, safe and reliable method in the differential diagnosis of infantile cholestatic jaundice.</p>
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Bile Acids and Salts , Bilirubin , Body Fluids , Chemistry , Diagnosis, Differential , Duodenum , Metabolism , Jaundice, Obstructive , Diagnosis , Monitoring, Ambulatory , Methods , Prognosis , Reproducibility of Results , Sensitivity and Specificity , gamma-GlutamyltransferaseABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the changes of serum and bile from victims attacked by infantile hepatitis syndrome(IHS).Methods The constituents from 42 IHS subjects and 16 controls,including total bilirubin(TB),direct bilirubin(DB),alanine aminotransferase(ALT),glutamyltranspeptidase(?-GT),total bile acid(TBA),interleukin 6(IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor ?(TNF-? )both in bile and serum,were assayed by fully-auto chemistry analyzer and ELISA,respectively.The subjects of IHS were divided into cholestasis group and hepatitis group.Results Of IHS group,the values of serumal TB,DB,ALT,?-GT,TBA,IL-6 and TNF-? were higher than those of control(P_a
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Dragline spider silk produced from Nephilia clavipes major ampullate is a natural fibrous protein with specific mechanical properties such as high tensile strength and elasticity. Synthetic gene monomer encoding recombinant spider silk protein, based on the known repetitive protein sequence and partial cDNA sequence of dragline silk, was constructed and expressed. DNA monomer sequences were multimerized to encode high molecular weight synthetic spider silks using a "head-to-tail" construction strategy. Multimer was cloned into pET30a(+), a prokaryotic high potency expression vector, and induced with IPTG. The protein from 8-unit repeat was produced in Escherichia coli at levels up to 20 mg/L. The protein was easily purified with high recovery by using an metal ion affinity chromatography and purity was over 90%. The results of SDS-PAGE and Western blot suggested that the mass of the expression product was about 37 kD. This value and amino acid analysis were consistent with those of theoretic calculation.